A battery, which is actually an electric cell, isa device that produces electricity from a chemical reaction. Strictlyspeaking, a battery consists of two or more cells connected in series or parallel, but the term is generally used for a single cell. A cell consists of a negative electrode; an electrolyte, which conducts ions; a separator, also an ion conductor; and a positiveelectrode. The electrolyte may be aqueous (composed of water) or nonaqueous (not composed of water), in liquid, paste, or solid form. When the cell is connected to an external load, or device to be powered, the negative electrode supplies a current of electrons that flow through the load and are accepted by the positive electrode. When the external load is removed the reaction ceases.
A primary battery is one that can convert its chemicals into electricity only once and then mustbe discarded. A secondary battery has electrodes that can be reconstituted by passingelectricity back through it; also called a storage or rechargeable battery.
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